Perang Asia Timur Raya

Perang Asia Timur Raya Kedigdayaan Dai Nippon By Tim

Perang Pasifik

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Perang Pasifik (1879-1883).

Perang PasifikBagian dari Perang Dunia II Pesawat Amerika Serikat terbang di atas kapal perang Jepang, Mikuma, yang terbakar.

Tanggal	7 Juli 1937 - 9 September 1945
Lokasi	Asia, Samudra Pasifik, kepulauan dan negara-negara sekitarnya.
Hasil	Kemenangan Sekutu

Pihak terlibat Republik Tiongkok Amerika Serikat (1941) Britania Raya (1941) Australia (1941) Netherlands (1941) Selandia Baru (1941) Kanada (1941) Uni Soviet (1945) Kekaisaran Jepang ThailandTokoh dan pemimpin Chiang Kai-shek Franklin D. Roosevelt Winston Churchill Josef Stalin (1945) Hideki Tojo Isoroku Yamamoto Pibulsonggram

Perang Pasifik atau Perang Asia Pasifik, atau yang dikenal di Jepang dengan nama Perang Asia Timur Raya (Greater East Asia War (大東亜戦争, Dai Tō-A Sensō)) adalah perang yang terjadi di Samudra Pasifik, pulau-pulaunya, dan di Asia. Konflik ini terjadi antara tahun 1937 dan 1945, namun peristiwa-peristiwa yang lebih penting terjadi setelah 7 Desember 1941, ketika Jepang menyerang Amerika Serikat serta wilayah-wilayah yang dikuasai Britania Raya dan banyak negara lain serta yang dikuasai oleh sekutu.

Perang ini dimulai lebih awal dari Perang Dunia II yaitu pada tanggal 8 Juli 1937 oleh sebuah insiden yang disebut Insiden Jembatan Marco Polo Peristiwa tersebut menyulut peperangan antara Tiongkok dengan Jepang.Konflik antara Jepang dan Tiongkok dan beberapa dari peristiwa dan serangannya yang penting juga merupakan bagian dari perang tersebut. Perang ini terjadi antara pihak Sentral diantaranya Jepang, Jerman Nazi, dan Italia dengan pihak Sekutu (termasuk Tiongkok), Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya, Filipina, Australia, Belanda dan Selandia Baru. Uni Soviet berhasil memukul mundur Jepang pada 1939, dan tetap netral hingga 1945, saat ia memainkan pernanan penting di pihak Sekutu pada masa-masa akhir perang.

Setelah dijajah pada tahun 1941, Thailand dipaksa bergabung dengan pihak Jepang. Jerman Nazi dan Italia yang juga merupakan sekutu Jepang, mengeoperasikan armada Angkatan Laut mereka di Samudra Pasifik dan Hindia antara tahun 1940 dan 1945.

Antara tahun 1942 dan 1945, terdapat 4 wilayah otorita Sekutu yang berperang melawan Jepang: Tiongkok, wilayah Samudra Pasifik, Asia Tenggara dan wilayah Pasifik Barat Daya.

Perang Pasifik berakhir pada 15 Agustus 1945 dan perjanjian menyerahnya Jepang ditandatangani oleh wakil dari sekutu yaitu Jendral Douglas McArthur dan Jepang diwakili oleh Mamoru Shigemitsu di atas kapal USS Missouri.

Akibat Perang Pasifik

Berikut ini adalah beberapa akibat dari Perang Asia Pasifik yang terjadi antara tahun 1937 sampai 1945 ini:

Kekalahan Jepang membuatnya kehilangan wilayah jajahannya seperti Manchuria, Korea, Asia Tenggara dan daerah mandat di kepulauan Pasifik yang diberikan pada akhir Perang Dunia II.
Beberapa negara yang sebelumnya dijajah oleh negara-negara Eropa berhasil memperoleh kemerdekaan seperti Indonesia.
Kaisar Jepang kehilangan statusnya sebagai dewa. Amerika Serikat sebagai pemenang perang di Pasifik tidak ingin mengadili Hirohito, kaisar Jepang saat itu. Amerika Serikat membutuhkan daerah penyangga (buffer) untuk menahan arus pengaruh komunisme karena Rusia sudah mencapai kawasan timur Asia.
Jepang tidak diperbolehkan mempunyai angkatan perang, kecuali pasukan pembela diri.

Referensi

Sumber

Eric M. Bergerud, Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific (2000)
Blair, Jr., Clay. Silent Victory. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975 (submarine war).
Bond, Brian; Tachikawa, Kyoichi (2004). British and Japanese Military Leadership in the Far Eastern War, 1941–1945 Volume 17 of Military History and Policy Series. Routledge. ISBN 9780714685557.
Buell, Thomas. Master of Seapower: A Biography of Admiral Ernest J. King Naval Institute Press, 1976.
Buell, Thomas. The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance. 1974.
Ch'i, Hsi-Sheng (1992). "The Military Dimension, 1942–1945". Dalam James C. Hsiung and Steven I. Levine. China's Bitter Victory: War with Japan, 1937–45. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-1-56324-246-5. Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting (link)
Channel 4 (UK). Hell in the Pacific (television documentary series). 2001.
Costello, John. The Pacific War. 1982, overview
Craven, Wesley, and James Cate, eds. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942. University of Chicago Press, 1958. Official history; Vol. 4, The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944. 1950; Vol. 5, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. 1953.
Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (edisi ke-Second). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195517849.
Drea, Edward J. (1998). In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1708-0.
Dunnigan, James F., and Albert A. Nofi. The Pacific War Encyclopedia. Facts on File, 1998. 2 vols. 772p.
Evans, David C; Peattie, Mark R (1997). Kaigun: strategy, tactics, and technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
Gailey, Harry A. The War in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay (1995) online
Goldman, Stuart (2012). Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-61251-098-1.
Gordon, David M. "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945" Journal of Military History (January 2006) v 70#1, pp 137–82. Historiographical overview of major books
Seki, Eiji. (2006). Mrs. Ferguson's Tea-Set, Japan and the Second World War: The Global Consequences Following Germany's Sinking of the SS Automedon in 1940. London: Global Oriental. ISBN 978-1-905246-28-1 (cloth) (reprinted by University of Hawaii Press), Honolulu, 2007. previously announced as Sinking of the SS Automedon and the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation.
Hara, Tameichi (2011). Japanese Destroyer Captain. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-384-0.
Harrison, Simon (2012). Dark Trophies. Hunting and the Enemy Body in Modern War. New York City: Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-0-85745-499-7.
Hastings, Max (2008). Retribution. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0307263513.
Saburo Hayashi and Alvin Coox. Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War. Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Assoc., 1959.
Hopkins, William B. (2010). The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players that Won the War. Zenith Press. ISBN 0-76033-975-9.
Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945 M. E. Sharpe, 1992
Hsi-sheng, Ch'i. Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945 University of Michigan Press, 1982
Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
Inoguchi, Rikihei, Tadashi Nakajima, and Robert Pineau. The Divine Wind. Ballantine, 1958. Kamikaze.
James, D. Clayton. The Years of MacArthur. Vol. 2. Houghton Mifflin, 1972.
Jansen, Marius B. (2002). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00334-9.
Jowett, Phillip (2005). Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–1945 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo. Helion and Company Ltd. ISBN 1-874622-21-3.
Kirby, S. Woodburn The War Against Japan. 4 vols. London: H.M.S.O., 1957–1965. Official Royal Navy history.
L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942".
Leary, William M. We Shall Return: MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan. University Press of Kentucky, 1988.
Long, Gavin (1963). The Final Campaigns. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Volume 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 1297619.
McCarthy, Dudley (1959). South-West Pacific Area – First Year. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Volume 5. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 3134247.
McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History. Auckland: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-558376-0.
Maurice Matloff and Edwin M. Snell Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare 1941–1942, United States Army Center of Military History, Washington, D. C., 1990
Stille, Mark (2014). The Imperial Japanese Navy in the Pacific War. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-47280-146-6.
Stevens, Keith (2005). "A Token Operation: 204 Military Mission to China, 1941–1945". Asian Affairs. Risk Management Reference Center, EBSCOhost. 36 (1): 66, 74. doi:10.1080/03068370500039151.
Miller, Edward S. (2007). War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-500-7.
Peattie, Mark R (2007). Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-664-X.
Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961; Vol. 4, Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions. 1949; Vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal. 1949; Vol. 6, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier. 1950; Vol. 7, Aleutians, Gilberts, and Marshalls. 1951; Vol. 8, New Guinea and the Marianas. 1962; Vol. 12, Leyte. 1958; vol. 13, The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas. 1959; Vol. 14, Victory in the Pacific. 1961.
Takemae, Eiji (2003). The Allied Occupation of Japan. Continuum Press. ISBN 0-82641-521-0.
Masatake Okumiya, and Mitso Fuchida. Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan. Naval Institute Press, 1955.
Potter, E. B. and Chester W. Nimitz. Triumph in the Pacific. Prentice Hall, 1963. Naval battles
Potter, E. B. Bull Halsey Naval Institute Press, 1985.
Potter, E. B. Nimitz. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1976.
Potter, John D.Yamamoto 1967.
Prange, Gordon W. Donald Goldstein, and Katherine Dillon. At Dawn We Slept. Penguin, 1982. Pearl Harbor
——, et al. Miracle at Midway. Penguin, 1982.
——, et al. Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History.
Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan. Allies against the Rising Sun: The United States, the British Nations, and the Defeat of Imperial Japan (2009). 458pp.
Seki, Eiji (2007). Sinking of the SS Automedon And the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 1-905246-28-5.
Shaw, Henry, and Douglas Kane. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 2, Isolation of Rabaul. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1963
Shaw, Henry, Bernard Nalty, and Edwin Turnbladh. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, Central Pacific Drive. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1953.
E.B. Sledge, With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa. Presidio, 1981. Memoir.
Smith, J. Douglas, and Richard Jensen. World War II on the Web: A Guide to the Very Best Sites. (2002)
Ronald Spector, Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan Free Press, 1985.
John Toland, The Rising Sun. 2 vols. Random House, 1970. Japan's war.
Ian W. Toll. Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942 (2011)
Parshall, Jonathan; Tully, Anthony (2005). Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. ISBN 1-57488-923-0.
Willmott Empires in the Balance. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1982.
Willmott, H.P. The Barrier and the Javelin. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1983.
Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44317-2. (2005).
Y'Blood, William. Red Sun Setting: The Battle of the Philippine Sea. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1980.
Yenne, Bill (2014). The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941–42. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-78200-982-5.
Harries, Meirion; Harries, Susie (1994). Soldiers of the Sun : The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-75303-6.
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, The Soviet factor in ending the Pacific War (2003)

Sumber primer

United States War Department. TM 30-480 Handbook On Japanese Military Forces, 1942 (1942) online; 384pp; highly detailed description of wartime IJA by U.S. Army Intelligence.